Title; *Kurtosis_Beta2.sas; *Illustrates the computation of population kurtosis; *Using data from the handout Skewness, Kurtosis, and the Normal Curve; ***********************************************************************************; options pageno=min nodate formdlim='-' FORMCHAR="|----|+|---+=|-/\<>*"; data A; do s=1 to 20; X=5; output; X=15; output; end; *SS=1000, SS/N = 25, M = 10; proc sgplot; histogram X; run; data ZA; set A; Z=(X-10)/5; Z4A=Z**4; proc means mean; var Z4A; run; ***********************************************************************************; data B; do s=1 to 20; X=5; output; X=15; output; end; do s=1 to 10; X=10; output; end; *SS=1000, SS/N = 20; proc sgplot; histogram X; run; data ZB; set B; Z=(X-10)/SQRT(20); Z4B=Z**4; proc means mean; var Z4B; run; ***********************************************************************************; data C; do s=1 to 20; X=5; output; X=10; output; X=15; output; end; *SS=1000, N=60; proc sgplot; histogram X; run; data ZC; set C; Z=(X-10)/SQRT(1000/60); Z4C=Z**4; proc means mean; var Z4C; run; ***********************************************************************************; data D; do s=1 to 10; X=5; output; X=15; output; end; do s=1 to 20; X=10; output; end; *SS=500, SS/N = 12.5; proc sgplot; histogram X; run; data ZD; set D; Z=(X-10)/SQRT(12.5); Z4D=Z**4; proc means mean; var Z4D; run; ***********************************************************************************; data E; do s=1 to 5; X=5; output; X=15; output; end; do s=1 to 20; X=10; output; end; *SS=250, N=30; proc sgplot; histogram X; run; data ZE; set E; Z=(X-10)/SQRT(250/30); Z4E=Z**4; proc means mean; var Z4E; run; ***********************************************************************************; data F; do s=1 to 3; X=5; output; X=15; output; end; do s=1 to 20; X=10; output; end; *SS=150, N=26; proc sgplot; histogram X; run; data ZF; set F; Z=(X-10)/SQRT(150/26); Z4F=Z**4; proc means mean; var Z4F; run; ***********************************************************************************; data G; X=5; output; X=15; output; do s=1 to 20; X=10; output; end; *SS=50, N=22; proc sgplot; histogram X; run; data ZG; set G; Z=(X-10)/SQRT(50/22); Z4G=Z**4; proc means mean; var Z4G; run;