An inference is not the same thing as an argument. We infer things all the time without anyone making an argument. If I said "Mary is my wife," you would infer that I am married. That is to say, you would see for yourself that the fact that I have a wife is a good reason to believe that I am married. And this would be a good inference. I am married.
Suppose I also told you that Rachel, David and Mark are my children. You might infer from all of this that Mary is the biological mother of Rachel, David and Mark. This is also true, but it is not a good inference. Given how much divorce and remarriage occurs in our society, it is not safe to conclude that a father's current wife must be the biological mother of his children. So while the conclusion is true, the inference was not good. You would be "jumping to conclusions."
But there were no good or bad arguments in all of this. Arguments only occur when someone makes an inferential claim. That is, a person presents an argument when they claim that you ought to infer something. I didn't tell you that you ought to believe that Mary is the mother of my children. This is just something which some people might or might not infer from what I said.
The heart of an argument is an inferential claim. When someone makes an argument they tell you that you ought to infer something (the conclusion) on the basis of some other fact or facts (the premises.) Without this sort of claim there is no argument.