East Carolina University
 Department of Psychology

Readings for Students in Graduate Statistics

    Excepting those articles for which I have provided a hot link, the articles listed below are available in the top drawer of the filing cabinet behind the door in the Rawl 135 computer lab. Alternatively, students can go to the library and find the materials in the stacks, on microfilm, or, for materials not held by our library, through inter-library-loan.   Some of these documents are Available within BlackBoard.  I have provided the issue number for those for which I find it helpful in locating the article online.

After the graduate degree

  1. Hines, D. (1986). Admissions criteria for ranking master's-level applicants to clinical doctoral programs. Teaching of Psychology, 13(2), 64-67.  Available within BlackBoard.

  2. Wesolowski, M., & Feild, H. S. (1987). Recruiting and selecting Ph.D. I/O graduates by business and consulting organizations. The Industrial-Organizational Psychologist, 25(1), 17-26.

Research Design

  1. Berkowitz, L., & Donnerstein, E. (1982). External validity is more than skin deep. American Psychologist, 37, 245-257. Available within BlackBoard.

  2. Mook, D. G. (1983). In defense of external invalidity. American Psychologist, 38, 379-387.  Available within BlackBoard.

Howell Chapters 1 and 2, The Basics

  1. DeCarlo, L. T. (1997). On the meaning and use of kurtosis. Psychological Methods, 2(3), 292-307.  Available within BlackBoard.

  2. Gaito, J. (1980). Measurement scales and statistics: Resurgence of an old misconception. Psychological Bulletin, 87, 564-567.  Available within BlackBoard.

Howell Chapter 4, Basics of Inferential Statistics

  1. Cowles, M., & Davis, C. (1982). On the origins of the .05 level of statistical significance. American Psychologist, 37, 553-558.  Available within BlackBoard.

  2. Wainer, H.  (2007).  The most dangerous equation.  American Scientist, 95, 249-256.  Available within BlackBoard.

Howell Chapter 5, Probability

  1. Porter, R. H., Chernoch, J. M., & McLaughlin, F. J.  (1983).  Maternal recognition of neonates through olfactory cues.  Physiology & Behavior, 30, 151-154.  Example of binomial test.  Available within BlackBoard.

  2. Porter, R. H., & Moore, J. D.  (1981).  Human kin recognition by olfactory cues.  Physiology & Behavior, 27, 493-495.  Example of binomial test.  Available within BlackBoard.

Howell Chapter 6, Chi-Square

  1. Dabbs, J. M., Jr., & Morris, R. (1990). Testosterone, social class, and antisocial behavior in a sample of 4,462 men. Psychological Science, 1, 209-211.  Available within BlackBoard.

Howell Chapter 7, Student's t

Example of t-test

  1. Buss, D. M., Larsen, R. J., Westen, D., & Semmelroth, J. (1992). Sex differences in jealousy: Evolution, physiology, and psychology. Psychological Science, 3(4), 251-255.  Available within BlackBoard.

Robustness, Ignorant Experts, and the Psychology of Publication

  1. Bradley, J. V. (1982). The insidious L-shaped distribution. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 20, 85-88.

  2. Bradley, J. V. (1984). The complexity of nonrobustness effects. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 22, 250-253.

  3. Bradley, J. V. (1981). Overconfidence in ignorant experts. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 17, 82-84.

  4. Bradley, J. V. (1981). Pernicious publication practices. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 18, 31-34.

  5. Bradley, J. V. (1982). Editorial overkill. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 19, 271-274.

  6. Bradley, J. V. (1984). Antinonrobustness: A case study in the sociology of science. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 22, 463-466.

  7. Kruger, J., & Dunning, D.  (1999).  Unskilled and unaware of it:  How difficulties in recognizing one's own incompetence lead to inflated self-assessments.  Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 1121-1134.

  8. Online Discussion of Ignorant Experts.

  9. Black, S., & Wuensch, K. L. (2003). Two Case Studies in the Ethics of Scientific Publication.

Meta Analysis and Effect Size

  1. Eagly, A. H. (1987). Reporting sex differences. American Psychologist, 42(7), 756-757.   Available within BlackBoard.

  2. Hyde, J. S. (1981). How large are cognitive gender differences? American Psychologist, 36, 892-901.    Available within BlackBoard.

  3. Rosenthal, R. (1990). How are we doing in soft psychology? American Psychologist, 45(6), 775-777.  Available within BlackBoard.

  4. Rosenthal, R., & Rubin, D. B. (1982). Further meta-analytic procedures for assessing cognitive gender differences. Journal of Educational Psychology, 74, 708-712.  Available within BlackBoard.

Howell Chapter 8, Power

  1. Aberson, C.  (2002).  Interpreting null results:  Improving presentation and conclusions with confidence intervals.  Journal of Articles in Support of the Null Hypothesis, 1, 36-42.

  2. American Psychological Association. (2001). Task Force on Statistical Inference Initial Report

  3. Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112(1), 155-159.   Available within BlackBoard.

  4. Huberty, C. J. (1987). On statistical testing. Educational Researcher, 16(8),  4 - 9.  Available within BlackBoard.

  5. Nelson, N., Rosenthal, R., & Rosnow, R. L. (1986). Interpretation of significance by psychological researchers. American Psychologist, 41(11), 1299-130l.   Available within BlackBoard.

  6. Nickerson, R. S. (2000). Null hypothesis significance testing: A review of an old and continuing controversy. Psychological Methods, 5(2), 241-301.   Available within BlackBoard.

  7. Rosnow, R. L., & Rosenthal, R. (1989). Statistical procedures and the justification of knowledge in psychological science. American Psychologist, 44(10), 1276-1284.  Available within BlackBoard.

  8. Schmidt, F. L. (1996). Statistical significance testing and cumulative knowledge in psychology: Implications for training of researchers. Psychological Methods, 1(2), 115-129.  Available within BlackBoard.

  9. Tachibana, T. (1980). Persistent erroneous interpretation of negative data and assessment of statistical power. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 51, 37-38.

  10. Wilkinson, L., & Task Force on Statistical Inference. (1999). Statistical methods in psychology journals: Guidelines and explanations. American Psychologist, 54(8), 594-604. Read a summary of this article -- Read the article online.  Available within BlackBoard.

  11. Wuensch, K. L. (1994). Evaluating the relative seriousness of type I versus type II errors in classical hypothesis testing. In B. Brown (Ed.), Disseminations of the International Statistical Applications Institute: Vol 1 (3rd ed., pp. 76-79). Wichita, KS: ACG Press. Available at http://core.ecu.edu/psyc/wuenschk/StatHelp/Type-I-II-Errors.htm.

  12. Wuensch, K. L. (1987). Frequency of type I errors in professional journals. Unpublished manuscript available at http://core.ecu.edu/psyc/wuenschk/StatHelp/Type1.htm.

Howell Chapter 9, Bivariate Correlation and Regression

  1. Dabbs, J. M., Jr., & Ruback, R. B. (1988). Saliva testosterone and personality of male college students. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 26, 244-247 (example of correlation, stepwise multiple regression, and factor analysis ). Available within BlackBoard.

  2. MacCallum, R. C., Zhang, S., Preacher, K. J., & Rucker, D. D. (2002). On the practice of dichotomization of quantitative variables. Psychological Methods, 7, 19-40.  Available within BlackBoard.

  3. Wuensch, K. L. et al.  Dichotomizing Continuous Variables: A Bad Idea.

Howell Chapter 12, Multiple Comparisons Among Means

  1. Perneger, T. V.  (1998).  What's wrong with Bonferroni adjustments.  BMJ, 316, 1236-1238.

  2. Ryan, T. A. (1959). Comments on orthogonal components. Psychological Bulletin, 56, 394-396.  Available within BlackBoard.

Howell Chapter 13, Factorial ANOVA

  1. Johnson, B. G., & Beck, H. P. (1988). Strict and lenient grading scales: How do they affect the performance of college students with high and low SAT scores? Teaching of Psychology, 15(3), 127-131.   Available within BlackBoard.  (Example of factorial analysis)

  2. Messic, D. M. & van de Geer, J. P. (1981). A reversal paradox. Psychological Bulletin, 90, 582-593.  Available within BlackBoard.

Howell Chapter 15, Multiple Regression

  1. MacCallum, R. C., Zhang, S., Preacher, K. J., & Rucker, D. D.  (2002).  On the practice of dichotomization of quantitative variables.  Psychological Methods, 7, 19-40.  Available within BlackBoard.

  2. Poteat, G. M., Wuensch, K. L., & Gregg, N. B. (1988). An investigation of differential prediction with the WISC-R. Journal of School Psychology, 26, 59-68.  (Example of Potthoff analysis).

  3. Thompson, B.  (1995).  Stepwise regression and stepwise discriminant analysis need not apply here:  A guidelines editorial.  Educational and Psychological Measurement, 55:  525-534.  Available within BlackBoard.

  4. Wuensch, K. L., & Poteat, G. M. (1998). Evaluating the morality of animal research: Effects of ethical ideology, gender, and purpose. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 13(1), 139-150.  (Example of logistic regression)

Howell Chapter 16, Least Squares ANOVA

  1. Howell, D. C. & McConaughy, S. H. (1982). Nonorthogonal analysis of variance: Putting the question before the answer. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 42, 9-24.  Available within BlackBoard.

Howell Chapter 17, Multidimensional Contingency Tables

  1. Meyers, A. W., Stunkard, A. J., Coll, M., & Cooke, C. J. (1980). Stairs, escalators, and obesity. Behavioral Modification, 4, 355-359. (Source of the data used in the document Three-Way Nonhierarchical Log-Linear Analysis: Escalators and Obesity).

Howell Chapter 18, Nonparametrics

  1. Lamb, G. S. (1984). What you always wanted to know about six but were afraid to ask. Journal of Irreproducible Results, 29(3), 18-20.

  2. Wuensch, K. L., & Cooper, A. J. (1981). Preweaning paternal presence and later aggressiveness in male Mus musculus. Behavioral and Neural Biology, 32, 510-515. (Example of nonparametric analysis)

Introduction to Multivariate Statistics

  1. Chia, R. C., Wuensch, K. L., Childers, J., Chuang, C., Cheng, B., Cesar-Romero, J., & Nava, S. (1994). A comparison of family values among Chinese, Mexican, and American college students. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 9, 249-258. (Example of principal components analysis)

  2. Greenwald, A. G., & Gillmore, G. M. (1997). No pain, no gain? The importance of measuring course workload in student ratings of instruction. Journal of Educational Psychology, 89(4), 743-751.  (Example of structural equation modeling).   Available within BlackBoard.

  3. McCammon, S., Golden, J., & Wuensch, K. L. (1988). Predicting course performance in freshman and sophomore physics courses: Women are more predictable then men. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 25, 501-510. (Example of multiple correlation/regression)

  4. Moore, C. H., Wuensch, K. L., Hedges, R. M., & Castellow, W. A. (1994). The effects of physical attractiveness and social desirability on judgments regarding a sexual harassment case. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 9, 715-730. (Example of log-linear analysis of multidimensional contingency table)

  5. Patel, S., Long, T. E., McCammon, S. L., & Wuensch, K. L. (1995). Personality and emotional correlates of self-reported antigay behaviors. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 10, 354-366. (Example of canonical correlation/regression)

  6. Poulson, R. L., Braithwaite, R. L., Brondino, M. J., & Wuensch, K. L. (1997). Mock jurors' insanity defense verdict selections: The role of evidence, attitudes, and verdict options. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 12(3), 743-758.   (Example of discriminant function analysis)

  7. Wuensch, K. L. (1992). Fostering house mice onto rats and deer mice: Effects on response to species odors. Animal Learning and Behavior, 20, 253-258. (Example of doubly multivariate repeated measures ANOVA)

  8. Wuensch, K. L., Chia, R. C., Castellow, W. A., Chuang, C.-J., & Cheng, B.-S. (1993). Effects of physical attractiveness, sex, and type of crime on mock juror decisions: A replication with Chinese students. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 24, 414-427. (Example of MANOVA).  

  9. Wuensch, K. L., & Poteat, G. M. (1998). Evaluating the morality of animal research: Effects of ethical ideology, gender, and purpose. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 13(1), 139-150.  (Example of logistic regression and ANCOV)

Factor Analysis and Principal Components Analysis

  1. Dabbs, J. M., Jr., & Ruback, R. B. (1988). Saliva testosterone and personality of male college students. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 26, 244-247. (Example of factor analysis)

  2. Ossenkopp, K.-P., & Mazmanian, D. S. (1985). Some behavioral factors related to the effects of cold-restraint stress in rats: A factor analytic-multiple regression approach. Physiology and Behavior, 34, 935-941. (Example of principle components analysis)

  3. Wuensch, K. L. (2001). Review of Article on Use of Exploratory Factor Analysis.

MANOVA/DFA

  1. Castellow, W. A., Wuensch, K. L., & Moore, C. H. (1990). Effects of physical attractiveness of the plaintiff and defendant in sexual harassment judgments. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 5, 547-562. (Example of MANOVA and logit analysis)

  2. Harris, C. R. (2000). Psychophysiological responses to imagined infidelity: The specific innate modular view of jealousy reconsidered. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(6), 1082-1091. (This article serves as an example of use of MANOVA as well as use of power analysis, confidence intervals, and appropriate use of the first person in scientific writing.)  Available within BlackBoard.

  3. Huberty, C. J., & Barton, R. M. (1989). An introduction to discriminant analysis. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 22, 158-168.

  4. Huberty, C. J., & Morris, J. D. (1989). Multivariate analysis versus univariate analyses. Psychological Bulletin, 105(2), 302-308.  Available within BlackBoard.

  5. Poulson, R. L., Braithwaite, R. L., Brondino, M. J., & Wuensch, K. L. (1997). Mock jurors' insanity defense verdict selections: The role of evidence, attitudes, and verdict options. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 12(3), 743-758.   (Example of Discriminant Function Analysis)

Path Analysis

  1. Keith, T. Z., Pottebaum, S. M., & Eberhart, S. (1986). Effects of self-concept and locus of control on academic achievement: A large sample path analysis. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 4, 61-72.  Available within BlackBoard.

  2. Keith, T. Z., Reimers, T. M., Fehrmann, P. G., Pottebaum, S. M., & Aubey, L. W. (1986). Parental involvement, homework, and TV time: Direct and indirect effects on high school achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 78(5), 373-380.  Available within BlackBoard.

  3. Keith, T. Z., Harrison, P. L., & Ehly, S. W. (1987). Effects of adaptive behavior on achievement: Path analysis of a national sample. Professional School Psychology, 2, 205-215.

  4. Keith, T. Z. (1988). Path analysis: An introduction for school psychologists. School Psychology Review, 17, 343-362.

  5. Keith, T. Z. (1988). Using path analysis to test the importance of manipulable influences on school learning. School Psychology Review, 17, 637-643.

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Contact Information for the Webmaster,
Dr. Karl L. Wuensch

This page most recently revised on 15. July 2008.