East Carolina University
Department of Psychology
Karl Wuensch's Statistical Help Page
Fair
Use of These Documents
Binomial Effect Size Display
Effect of n1/n2
on Estimated d and rpb
Notational Confusion for d and g Statistics
Odds Ratios -- why I prefer them over
probability ratios
Odds Ratios, Phi, and Base Rates -- phi can be greatly affected by base
rates, odds ratios are not.
Eigenvalues -- origin of the term
Excel:
Exploratory Factor Analysis -- review of 1999 article by Fabrigar et al.
e-history -- base of the natural log
EX16-11 -- from Howell's fundamentals text, page 333
Factor
Analysis, Number of Factors, code for Parallel Analysis and Velicer's
MAP Test
Greek Alphabet
-- many of these letters are used as statistical symbols.
History of
Statistics -- useful links to Internet Resources, University of York
HOWL13-6 -- exercise 13-6 from the Fundamentals text
Humor
-- jokes involving statistics
Interaction
Significant, Simple Main Effects Not -- suggestion on how to deal with
this outcome.
IV-DV -- Independent and Dependent
Variables
Kolgomorov, A. N. --
Mathematician whose work had an
enormous influence on statistics and other domains as well. His work
contributed to victory over the Japanese in the Pacific during World War II.
KR20 -- Kuder-Richardson 20
Kurtosis -- discussion of kurtosis
Likert -- what is a Likert scale and how do you
pronounce "Likert?"
Logit -- pronunciations of the word
LESSONS -- these are my online lecture
notes for my stats classes
Low Power, Low Reliability -- Is it a big problem when results are significant?
Matrix CalculatorMediation and Moderation
Interpreting Interaction
Effects -- Jeremy Dawson
Italassi
Interaction Viewer
Moderation/Mediation Help Centre -- Paul Jose
Quantpsy.org -- Kristopher
Preacher
Research In
Prevention Laboratory -- David MacKinnon
Statistical
Mediation and Moderation Analysis -- Facebook Group
SAS Macros -- Yung-Jui Yang
SPSS and SAS
Macros, Andrew Hayes -- check out Process for SPSS and SAS
Meta-Analysis -- links to useful resources
Mindless Statistics -- Gigerenzer
Monty Hall Dilemma-- would you switch doors?
Multiple Regression,
Assumptions -- Osborne, J., & Waters, E.
(2002). Four assumptions of multiple regression that researchers should
always test. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 8(2).
Multivariate Normality -- a few
links to get one started on this topic
NHST-SHIT -- Jack Cohen's wit and a list of
references on significance testing.
NHST-Quiz-- A little True-False quiz to test your
understanding of Statistical Hypothesis Inference Testing
Nonparametrics -- common misconception that nonparametrics have no assumptions
Norm-Sample Comparison
-- comparing your sample mean and variance to
that of a normative group
Normality Assumption -- EDSTAT-L
discussion on checking data for compliance with an assumption of normality
Odds
Ratios versus Probability Ratios
Omega-Squared -- advice on interpreting the omega-squared statistic
One-Tailed NHST -- does it ever make sense to test directional
hypothesis?
OPSCAN -- using OPSCAN data sheets in your research
p Values -- The reign of p values is
over
p Values and the American Statistical Association
p Values
and the American Statistical Society
p-exact -- why researchers should report exact
p values
p values suspiciously distributed -- something here smells like
rotten p
p-values
-- Response by the American Statistical Society on p-values
Pairwise Comparisons -- discussion of pairwise/multiple comparisons procedures, including common misconceptions about them
- Proportions -- Pairwise
comparions for three or more independent proporotions
Path-Matrix -- using matrix algebra to get effect coefficients in path analysis
Pearson
r, Critical Values
Pitman's T -- testing variances with correlated samples
Poems -- Poems about statistics
POWER
-- An overview
Power Primer
by Daniël Lakens -- thorough overview for correlated and independent t
tests and ANOVA.
Probability of Replication -- is this new statistic
of any value?
Quotes about Statistics
-- The average human has one breast and one testicle.
More Quotes
R: Learning Statistics with R
Randomness -- what does it really mean when we
say an event is "random?"
Regression Towards the Mean
Reliability -- a few notes on reliability from Nunnally's text
Research Wahlberg --
Facebook page for stats/research geeks
Reversal-Paradox -- discussion of the reversal paradox,
also known as Simpson's paradox.
Sample Size Does NOT Affect the Probability
of a Type I Error
Sample Size Required, Finite
Population, Survey with Dichotomous Responses
SAS -- help using the SAS stat pack
Scales-Transform -- nonlinear data transformations
Signif-Testing -- why Frank Schmidt thinks significance testing the devil's work
Significant or Not?
Simpson -- Simpson's paradox, with bibliography
Skew -- location of mean, median, mode in skewed distributions
Split in Half --Splitting a data file into two
random halves
SPSS -- Help using the SPSS stats pack
SPSS2Excel2SAS -- write SPSS data to Excel and then bring into SAS
SS-Type -- different types of sums of squares
Standardized Confidence Intervals -- why not standardize confidence intervals
Statistician as Detective
Stepwise -- stepwise procedures are the devil's work
Student's t Statistic --
why "t" ?
Subjects -- What are Subjects?
t-CLT -- nonrobustness of the t statistic
t-Crit -- t approximated by z and some criticisms of significance testing
Transformations to Reduce Skewness
Type I Errors -- How frequent are Type I errors in the published literature?
Type-I-II-Errors -- Evaluating the Relative Seriousness of Type I versus Type II Errors in Classical Hypothesis Testing
Type III Errors -- Correctly rejecting the null but incorrectly inferring the direction of effect
Is .039 Larger or Smaller than .05?
Univariate Regression
Variance Inflation Factor -- Rules of Thumb
Wald, Abraham
-- In addition to developing the Wald test used to test partial effects, he
contributed to the war effort (World War II) by discovering how better to
armor our bombers.
Why Standardize? -- when is it helpful to
standardize effect size estimates rather than presenting them in
unstandardized form?
Return to Dr. Wuensch's Statistical Resources Page.
Contact Information for the Webmaster,
Dr. Karl L. Wuensch
This page most recently revised on 8-Sept-2021.