| History of the Far East
Late Traditional/Early Modern Japan:
A depiction of
|
Fukuzawa Yukichi as a Samurai More Tokugawa Images |
| History of the Far East
Late Traditional/Early Modern Japan:
A depiction of
|
Fukuzawa Yukichi as a Samurai More Tokugawa Images |
I. Tokugawa (1600-1868) Japan: the "Early-Modern" Turn
A. Tokugawa victory at Battle of Sekigahara established their rule
1. Tokugawa shoguns based in Edo (later Tokyo)
2. Kyoto kept under strict control
3. arquebuses outlawed in wake of Tokugawa victory
4. construction of new castles strictly limited by Tokugawa
B. Tokugawa Polity = "centralized feudalism"
1. fudai = hereditary vassals
2. tozama = outer (reluctant) vassals
3. shimpan = related vassals
4. sankin kotai "alternate attendance" requirement
a. surveillance of vassals
b. explosive growth of Edo, other urban areas (castle towns, jokamachi)
c. dissemination of a more "national" culture
d. facilitated increasing "national" consciousness
C. Social Structure
1. Samurai/farmers/artisans/merchants
2. castle towns prompted urbanization of Japan
D. Foreign Policy: sakoku "closed country"
1. Christianity introduced in mid-16th century via Portuguese
2. Arquebuses had accelerated unification
3. Jesuit, Dominican, Franciscan rivalries led to ban
4. Shimabara Uprising in late 1630s
5. terauke "temple registration"
6. kakure kirishitan "hidden Christians"
E. Religion and Philosophy1. Buddhism and Shinto
2. Neo-Confucianism (Shushigaku) & Ancient Learning (kogaku)
3. Nativist Learning (kokugaku)
4. Dutch Learning (Rangaku)
a. Deshima/Dejima opened to Dutch (Holland = Ran) trade
b. Dutch studies supervised by the bakufu as their window on the world
c. Fukuzawa's participation in Dutch learning, later English learning
d. Tokugawa foreign policy not thoroughly unenlighened
