1. Tang (617-907) poetry (kanshi)

         2. Pre-Heian Interest in Kanshi

             a.  Kaifuso (Fond Recollections of Poetry, 751 )

                  i. anonymous editor

                  ii. unlike Manyoshu (mid-8th century)

         3. Emperor Saga (r. 809-23) patron of Chinese styles

         4. Sugawara Michizane (845-903) greatest kanshi poet

             a. statesman-poet charged with treason, exiled

             b. Michizane's "wrathful spirit"

             c. deified as a tenjin "Heavenly deity"

                 i. Kitano Shinto Shrines commemorate him

                 ii. Michizane considered the kami of education

    B. Rebirth of Waka "Japanese-Style Poems"

         1. Kokin waka shu (Collection of Ancient & Modern Waka)

         2. Ki no Tsurayuki (872-945) chief editor, compiler

          3. Imperial commissioned anthology

               a. Emperor Daigo requested compilation

               b. Twenty-one imperially commissioned anthologies followed

II. Mid-Heian (905-1000) Prose Literature

    A. Nikki "Diaries"

         1. Tosa nikki by Ki no Tsurayuki (assumed female identity)

         2. Kagero nikki (Gossamer Years) 

              a. authoress identified as "mother of Fujiwara Michitsuna"

              b. laments her husband's infrequent visits

         3. Murasaki Shikibu nikki (Diary of Lady Murasaki)

     B. Monogatari "Novels"

          1. Taketori monogatari (Diary of a Bamboo Cutter)

           2. Ise monogatari (Tale of Ise, early 10th)

               a. based on poems of Ariwara no Narihira (825-80)

               b. narrative weaves the poems into fiction

               c. trivial content, but praised as a masterpiece

           3. Genji monogatari (Tale of Genji, ca. 1000)

                a. Murasaki Shikibu, a "lady-in-waiting"

                b. often praised as the greatest work of Japanese prose

                c. Genji monogatari emaki (Picture Scroll of the Genji)

                     i. illustrations of court life, attire, architecture

                     ii. classic expressions of Yamato-e (Japanese paintings)

      C. Zuihitsu "Miscellanies"

            1. Sei Shonagon's Makura no soshi (Pillow Book)

            2. random essay style---preference for apparent lack of order

       D. Aesthetic of Miyabi "Courtly Refinement"

             1. bushi behavior considered rough & boorish

              2. mono-no-aware ("pathos of things") central to miyabi

III. Late-Heian (1000-1185), Early-Kamakura (1185-1333) Literature

     A. Gunki monogatari "Romantic Military Novels"

           1. Hogen monogatari (Tale of the Hogen Disturbance)

                a. Retired emperor Sutoku (1119-1164) attempted coup

                b. Emperor Go-Shirakawa (1127-1192) prevailed

           2. Heiji monogatari (Tale of the Heiji Disturbance)

                a. rise of Taira no Kiyomori (1118-1181)

                b. Emperor Go-Shirakawa's palace attacked, burned

       B.  "Historical Fiction": Eiga monogatari (Tale of Glory)

              1. rise & fall of the Fujiwara (897-1092)

              2. Fujiwara Michinaga (966-1027) the "hero"