The Nationalist (KMT) Regime of Chiang Kaishek

I. KMT-CCP Cooperation

          A. 1922 Sun Yatsen allowed CCP members into KMT

          1. Comintern Agent Borodin sent by Lenin to Sun Yatsen
          2. 1924 Lenin died; Sun delivered the eulogy
          3. Whampoa Military Academy founded 
                   a. Chiang Kaishek the first commandant

                   b. Zhou Enlai director of political wing

          B. March 12, 1925 Sun died of liver cancer

          C. May 30th Incident (1925): KMT-CCP Strike in Shanghai

          1. Chinese workers on strike against Japanese mill
                     a. Workers attacked the mill, destroyed machinery

                     b. Japanese guards fired, killing one worker

          2. May 30th demonstrations in International Settlement
                     a. 11 killed, 20 wounded

                     b. 28 other cities staged later demonstrations

          3. Canton--CCP strike: 52 killed, over 100 wounded
II. The Northern Expedition (1926-27)

          A. Whampoa Cadets--rightists, nationalists, anticommunists

          B. Canton "Red City"--procommunists, leftists, 

          C. April 1926 Chiang Kaishek declares faith in KMT-CCP union

          1. Stalin backed the KMT-CCP coalition
          2. Rival Trotsky skeptical about Chiang
          D. July 1, 1926 Northern Expedition Initiated
          1. late 1926: KMT-CCP forces in Wuhan, Fujian
   2. end of 1926: Chiang controlled 7 southern provinces
          3. Spring 1927: Shanghai taken 
                   i. "Green Gang" and "Blue Shirts" formed

                   ii. April 12, 1927 Shanghai labor unions attacked

          E. Mao's "Report on Hunan Peasants' Rev. Activity" (Feb. 1927)

          1. "Autumn Harvest Uprising" failure
          2. Mao dismissed from CCP Central Committee Nov. 1927
          3. troops marched to Jinggang Mtns.--Red Army begins
          F. April 1927 Chiang forms KMT govt in Nanjing (not Beijing)

          G. Stalin wanted a CCP victory---Canton Commune of Dec. 1927

          1. workers attempt to take power, seize police, telegraph, postal stations, etc.
          2. quashed by anticommunist forces
          H. KMT versus Manchurian warlord Zhang Zuolin
          1. Japanese support Zhang, but then assassinated him
          2. Zhang Xueliang (Zuolin's son) allies himself w/ KMT
III. The Nanjing Nationalist Govt. 

          A. October 1928 Chiang named chairman of State Council

          1. Five Yuan: Exec, Legis, Control, Judicial, Exams
          2. Nanjing national capital
          B. Deficit financing--no income tax, no land tax

          C. Urban prosperity versus severe rural poverty

          D. U.S. Support for KMT Regime

          1. 1928 US-China Treaty allows China tariff autonomy
          2. 1930 Chiang baptized, pledged life to Christianity
          3. Pearl Buck's The Good Earth 
                   a. sold 1.5 mill. copies; transl. into 30 langs
                          b. won Pulitzer Prize
                   c. 1933 Broadway play; 1937 movie--23 mill. viewers
          E. Japanese Opposition
          1. World Depression of late 1920's
          2. Sept. 18, 1931 Mukden Incident--railway bomb
          3. Zhang Xueliang fled south of Great Wall
          4. March 1932 Puyi made emperor of "Manchukuo"
          5. 1933 League of Nations' Lytton Comm. Report