A. born in Guang'an, Sichuan Province 1904

B. joined CCP while in France on a work-study program

C. after France, studied in Moscow for several months

D. 1926 returned to China

1. worked as a political assistant to Feng Yuxiang, northern warlord allied to KMT

2. after collapse of CCP-KMT alliance, Deng fled to Shanghai

E. 1929 Deng asked to build rural guerilla bases

1. 1931 led a series of unsuccessful revolts

2. retreated to Jiangxi soviet in Jinggang Mtns.

3. sided with Mao on most policy questions

F. Long March Creditentials

1. director of the political dept of the First Army Corps

2. later served as its political commissar

G. 1937-49 pol. commissar of 129 Division (8th Route Army)

A. 1952 Vice Premier under Zhou Enlai

B. 1953-54 concurrently served as Ministry of Finance

C. 1954 secretary-general of CCP; 1955 politburo member

D. 1956 Politburo Standing Committee

1. other members were Mao, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, Chen Yun

2. also made General Secretary of the Party Secretariat

A. Deng's Pragmatism--black or white or red cats

B. Cultural Revolution

1. Liu Shaoqi="Number One Capitalist Power Holder"

2. Deng="Number Two Capitalist Power Holder"

3. accused of "revisionism," dismissed from office, and publically humiliated

4. 1969-1973 Deng & family exiled to May 7th cadre school in Jiangxi for labor

5. Deng's eldest son, Deng Pufang, crippled by Red Guard assaults

A. Spring 1973 Deng reinstated as Vice Premier

B. rehabilitation followed Lin Biao's death

C. Deng soon appointed to Politburo

D. April 1974 travelled to U.N. to deliver speech on Mao's theory of three worlds

E. as Zhou weakened with cancer, Deng given more power

F. January 1975 Deng named:

1. Party vice-chairman

2. senior vice-premier

3. PLA chief of staff

G. Opposition: Jiang Qing and "Gang of Four"

A. Deng disappeared from public view

B. vilified as "unrepentant capitalist roader"

C. Deng blamed for April 1976 Tiananmen demonstrations

1. soon ousted from Party Politburo and all leadership positions

2. Hua Guofeng rose in his stead

A. Arrest of Gang of Four--they had been Deng's enemies

B. Deng made a comeback, despite Hua Guofeng's opposition

 1. Summer 1977 in leadership positions

a. vice-premier of Politburo

b. named to Military Affairs Commission

c. backing of Military Governor of Guangdong

2. 1978 Carter admin. called for diplomatic relations

a. Jan. 1, 1979 full relations established

b. U.S.-PRC ties played into Deng's hand

A. discredited Mao's revolutionary precepts

1. 1978 verdict: April 1976 demonstrations called "completely revolutionary actions"

2. Dec. 1978: Central Committee of CCP called for socialist modernizations as of 1979

B. Special Economic Zones

1. Guangdong officials had suggested them

2. 1979 Central Committee moved to est. 4 zones

a. Zhuhai

b. Shenzhen

c. Shantou

d. Xiamen

C. Jan. 28, 1979 Deng's Visit to the U.S.

1. Carter announced full diplomatic relations

2. Washington D.C. White House visit

3. Gala reception at Kennedy Space Center

4. Houston Space Center, Atlanta Coca Cola plant, Seattle Boeing plant

D. The New Leadership after Hua Guofeng's departure

1. Hu Yaobang (1915-89)

a. Hunan peasant origin

b. 1933 joined CCP in Jiangxi Soviet

c. Long March veteran

d. director of Communist Youth League

e. 1966 ousted in Cultural Revolution--Youth League rivalry with Red Guards

f. 1975 made party secretary of Academy of Sciences, but purged again with Deng in 1976

g. 1978 returned to Politburo; 1980 Standing Committee; 1981 succeeded Hua Guofeng as chairman of Standing Committee

2. Zhao Ziyang (1919-     )

a. born to landlord family in Henan 

b. 1932 joined Communist Youth League

c. guerilla organizer in WWII

d. 1967 ousted from official posts held in Canton by Canton Red Guards

e. 1975 transferred to Sichuan (Deng's birthplace)

f. 1980 named premier after Hua Guofeng

E. Deng's Evaluation of Mao

1. made before the Central Committee in 1981

2. Mao was 70% correct; 30 % incorrect--most errors occurred towards the end of his life

3. Mao's mistakes dont negate the scientific value of his thought

4. "Socialism and socialism alone can save China"

5. "Continuing revolution" an error

F. Trial of Gang of Four (January, 1981)--under Deng's watch

G. Hong Kong Settlement--Another Deng Xiaoping Accomplishment

1. Special Economic Zones increased to 14

2. Communes replaced by administrative townships

3. British-Chinese Agreement (Beijing: Sept. 26, 1984)

a. Hong Kong Chinese barely consulted

b. Provisions

i. principle of "One country, two systems"

ii. for fifty years after 1997, Hong Kong will be governed as a Special Administrative Region

iii. Hong Kong will retain its autonomous economy--English the official language

iv. residents will pay no taxes to the PRC

v. laws governing Hong Kong will not change